TAX TIPS
Official Internal Revenue Website:  www.irs.gov

List of Informational Topics Below:

- Topic 701
  Sale of Your Home

- 10.1 Capital Gains, Losses
  Sale of Home: Property (Basis, Sale of Home, etc.)

- 1031 Exchange
  Like-Kind Exchanges – Real Estate Tax Tips



Topic 701
Sale of Your Home


Visit IRS.gov for any additional information not covered below


If you have a gain from the sale or exchange of your main home, you may be able to exclude from income all or part of the gain, please refer to Publication 523 for more information on the gain exclusion. The exclusion may be allowed each time you sell or exchange your main home, but generally no more frequently than once every two years. You cannot deduct a loss from the sale of your main home.

If you sold your home under a contract that provides for part or all of the selling price to be paid in a later year, you made an "installment sale." Refer to Topic 705 for more information.

To be eligible for an exclusion, your home must have been owned by you and used as your main home for a period of at least two years out of the five years prior to its sale or exchange. The required two years of ownership and use during the five–year period ending on the date of sale do not have to be continuous. You can meet the ownership and the use tests during different two year periods. However, both tests must be met during the five–year period ending on the date of the sale or exchange.

If you did not meet the ownership and use tests, or if during the two–year period ending on the date of the sale or exchange you sold or exchanged another home at a gain and excluded all or part of that gain, you may be allowed to exclude the gain realized on the sale or exchange of your home if:

- You sold or exchanged your home due to a change in place of employment or health or unforeseen circumstances.


Report the sale or exchange only if you have a gain that is not excluded from your income. If you have a gain that is not excluded you must report it on Form 1040, Schedule D (PDF).

For additional information, refer to Publication 523, Selling Your Home.

If you were on qualified extended duty in the U.S. Armed Services or the Foreign Service you may suspend the five-year test period for up to 10 years. You are on qualified extended duty when, for more than 90 days or for an infinite period, you are:

- At a duty station that is at least 50 miles from the residence sold, or
- Residing under orders in government housing.



10.1 Capital Gains, Losses
Sale of Home: Property (Basis, Sale of Home, etc.)

Visit IRS.gov for any additional information not covered below

Scenario:

I lived in a home as my principal residence for the first 2 of the last 5 years. For the last 3 years, the home was a rental property before selling it. Can I still avoid the capital gains tax and, if so, how should I deal with the depreciation I took while it was rented out?

If, during the 5-year period ending on the date of sale, you owned the home for at least 2 years and lived in it as your main home for at least 2 years, you can exclude up to the maximum dollar limit. However, you cannot exclude the portion of the gain equal to depreciation allowed or allowable for periods after May 6, 1997. This gain is reported on Form 4797 (PDF). If you can show by adequate records or other evidence that the depreciation allowed was less than the amount allowable, the amount you cannot exclude is the amount allowed. Refer to Publication 523, Selling Your Home, and Form 4797 (PDF), Sale of Business Property, for specifics on calculating and reporting the amount of gain.

References:

 - Publication 523, Selling Your Home
 - Publication 527, Residential Rental Property
 - Publication 587, Business Use of Your Home
 - Form 4797 (PDF), Sale of Business Property


 
Scenario:

If I take the exclusion of capital gain tax on the sale of my old home this year, can I also take the exclusion again if I sell my new home in the future?

With the exception of the 2-year waiting period, there is no limit on the number of times you can exclude the gain on the sale of your principal residence so long as you meet the ownership and use tests.

References:

 - Publication 523, Selling Your Home
 - Tax Topic 701, Sale of Your Home - after May 6, 1997
 - Tax Topic 703, Basis of Assets
 

 

1031 Exchange
Like-Kind Exchanges – Real Estate Tax Tips

Visit IRS.gov for any additional information not covered below

Generally, if you exchange business or investment property solely for business or investment property of a like-kind, no gain or loss is recognized under Internal Revenue Code Section 1031. If, as part of the exchange, you also receive other (not like-kind) property or money, gain is recognized to the extent of the other property and money received, but a loss is not recognized.

Section 1031 does not apply to exchanges of inventory, stocks, bonds, notes, other securities or evidence of indebtedness, or certain other assets.

Like-Kind Property
Properties are of like-kind, if they are of the same nature or character, even if they differ in grade or quality. Personal properties of a like class are like-kind properties. However, livestock of different sexes are not like-kind properties. Also, personal property used predominantly in the United States and personal property used predominantly outside the United States are not like-kind properties.

Real properties generally are of like-kind, regardless of whether the properties are improved or unimproved. However, real property in the United States and real property outside the United States are not like-kind properties.

Additional Resources:

 - Publication 544, Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets
 - Form 8824, Like-Kind Exchanges (PDF)



Note: This page contains one or more references to the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), Treasury Regulations, court cases, or other official tax guidance. References to these legal authorities are included for the convenience of those who would like to read the technical reference material. To access the applicable IRC sections, Treasury Regulations, or other official tax guidance, visit the Tax Code, Regulations, and Official Guidance page. To access any Tax Court case opinions issued after September 24, 1995, visit the Opinions Search page of the United States Tax Court.